Downloading free Ipod songs is not as simple as you may have first assumed. When you first begin to search for free stuff to download to your Ipod, you feel like there are all kinds of websites just waiting to cater to your every need. Sadly, some of these free sites may wind up with you in trouble with the law, and also there is a good chance of damaging your Ipod too. Check out these tips to stay safe and legal!
Tip 1
Try and stay secure. It's very easy to get carried away when looking for free stuff to download, and some of the more unscrupulous sites will rely on this and use their downloads to infect your computer with spyware and viruses etc. When you use these sites quite frequently you will find that the things you download are not what they claimed them to be. This is because people upload their viruses and spyware and change the names to a popular file, in the hope that someone will download it by mistake.
Tip 2
Try not to break the law. No matter what people say, it is illegal to download from the torrent sites like that. It can be quite obvious as some of them look very shady, but then others try very hard to give the illusion of respectability. The authorities get a little bit better at tracking downloads like that all the time, so the risk of illegal downloads is more each day. Do you really want to end up in the slammer just to get a free song?
Tip 3
Take the time to find a legal site. The hardest thing about trying to find a free Ipod song download site is finding a reliable site that you can trust and is 100% legal. The main problem is that the illegal sites don't really like to admit that they are breaking the law or that they operate in a grey area-that would get rid of their visitors pretty sharp, and most of them use their visitors to make money by clicking ads or something like that.
Thankfully there is a much safer option these days. Lately there have been more and more of a new kind of download site emerging. These sites have excellent collections of Ipod songs, games, movies, anything you want really, and the downloads are all very high speed and in very good condition. The catch is that you have to pay an admin fee before you can get access, but it's usually not too much, maybe $20 or $40 or so. The fee then usually entitles you to a lifetime membership, allowing you to download anything you like as often as you like! Believe me it's easy to get $40 worth of free downloads once you get access to the inside of the sites!
Hopefully I've made you think twice before using the shady download sites that are all over the web-follow my tips and make sure you stay safe!
Selasa, Agustus 02, 2011
The Teachings of the Sunflowers and your Manifesting Success
The Law of Attraction has many faces and sparkling facets like a precious diamond. The Law of Attraction and Manifestation works all the time whether you are aware of it or not. Some can manifest whatever they want and desire in life, some unfortunately struggle all the time to meet ends and to keep up with ever increasing problems, worries and failures. It is so because the ones who succeed effortlessly are using the Universal Laws of Manifestation to their advantage and the others to their disadvantage.
The secret to unlimited wealth in your life is to learn how to create deliberately what you desire and dream of in your life. Luckily, you have come to the right place to learn how to manifest success. How would you like to master the secrets of the Laws of manifestation and become a co-creator with the Universe? Would you like to see and experience your dearest and deepest dreams come true? Do you want to learn how to wish for something, smile and watch the life of your dreams simply unfold before your eyes?
If you said yes I want all of that, then read on and let all your senses, your heart, mind and soul learn from the sunflowers. I call this most amazing experience the " Manifestation Teachings of the Sunflowers"…
Because you know, sometimes the Universe has mysterious ways of teaching us lessons for our own good so that we learn how to use the Universal Laws with purpose, faith and get the kind of results that we had been only dreaming of in the past.
Years ago, I had a burning desire to have sunflowers in my garden and as I began to see tall and wonderful flowers in my mind's eye I bought seeds even though my gardening skills were not high in that time. Nevertheless, I trusted in nature and chose a nice patch under my window to plant the seeds for I wanted to see the flowers every morning.
In my great excitement I forgot the bag of seeds outside and the birds took their share out of it leaving but a small quantity. On the top of that, there were signs telling another story: some mysterious animal transported seeds away and lost some along the way to the garden's end.
Days went by and a feeling of excitement and expectancy spread in my heart and body until I could see the emerging little plants. My excitement knew no end and soon enough I contracted the habit of observing the young plants which grew relatively fast as we had a sunny and mild Spring. Things went well and I attached lots of hope to my sunflowers until their heads were so big that I expected them to bloom and open up their beautiful faces the next day. In that night I couldn't sleep well because I was impatient to see my flowers blooming; I could clearly hear it rain for hours.
Early in the morning, I went bare foot to the garden, so great was my impatience and imagine my surprise and disappointment when I discovered that what seemed to be a whole army of hungry snails climbed up to the flowers hearts and simply ate them. My frustration then equalled my previous excitement. The "flowers" were still standing tall but they would never bloom, I was devastated!
In the shock's aftermath, I decided I had to plant new seeds, which I did immediately while realizing at the same time that the problem was still there: the snails would return and eat up my efforts and joy or so I thought about it at the time. In a second, I declared war upon the nasty snails and did not leave any stone unturned until I found enough information on how to keep them away from my flowers.
The first solution I implemented gave poor results as they ate up the new young stems leaving five flowers, which I attempted to protect desperately.
The rain came more often during the night and I had no means of chasing them away from the growing flowers and yet by the effect of some miracle four flowers grew up to the point where the blooming was to be expected soon. I couldn't sleep at night, I had nightmares and although that might seem ridiculous now I didn't want anything eating up my efforts and great hopes.
In that day, a friend of mine came to my place and I told her about my snail problem. She laughed and gave me a special tip I didn't find anywhere else before. I used her suggestion immediately and hoped for the best over night as the rain was again strong, which is the ideal climate for snails to climb up the flower stems and eat the hearts.
It took ages for the morning to show up before I could finally go out and check out whether I still had any flowers. The scene I witnessed was quite dramatic: lots of snails met their end at the barrier I put between them and the flowers but some got past it obviously and ate up the flowers' hearts except for one!
I was upset but also grateful for the one flower that was left and it was the most beautiful sunflower I had ever seen. Well, in my eyes at least for it is as they say: " beauty is in the eye of the beholder".
Two days later the sunflowers in the neighbour's garden attracted my attention. My curiosity guided me through the unknown parts of my garden to where the beautiful and many sunflowers stood proud and tall under the warm sun rays that morning. Dew set on their brown and golden faces and made them glisten and glitter with a myriad of diamonds like tiny stars suspended in midair. I was in for a shock when I realized that the flowers were not in my neighbour's garden as I thought but in mine! In a corner I rarely visit or pay attention to because it had thick little bushes with thorns. It seemed that whatever animal that stole the sunflower seeds, it lost some of them in that very abandoned corner and there they were perfectly protected from the snails and anything else!
The Sunflowers Teachings: what can we learn about Manifestation?
I got my sunflowers in mysterious ways, nothing got lost after all and I learned through that delightful surprise that my strong desire to get beautiful sunflowers bore fruits even though my "fight" against the snails was not too successful. It did not happen where I thought it should happen but some weird circumstances and some mysterious bushes, I thought were the ugliest plants on earth, protected the seeds from the voracious snails and offered me plenty of sunflowers. After that incident my gardening skills improved and I learned to not dismiss anything based on its looks for it might be the one thing that has the potential to make something work perfectly and my dreams come true.
even though one wish didn't come true exactly the way you wanted it to be, there is always a great lesson from observing where and how it came true in a different way. So being open to possibilities that might be unknown to you at a time might lead you to your heart's desire in an easy and relaxed manner.
the weird incident was like a miracle to me and although I cannot explain it in a logical way, it made me aware of much greater laws and forces at work in the Universe. Let go and trust that what you want will come to you in ways that you could have never seen before. Be prepared for a delightful surprise.
I learned that I did rush into my decisions because my choice of the spot to plant the seeds was not the best. Moreover, after the first evidence that the snails seemed to like the spot where I planted the seeds, I should have taken a different approach and planted them somewhere else. Perhaps more drastic protection means would have helped. And as I come to think of it, many spots would have been a better way to go about it in the sense of gathering some practical experience about the good and less than good spots for the seeds. The stress and nightmares I suffered were unnecessary and I learned to be more relaxed when engaging in any experience. It certainly taught me to try on many spots and to take into account the results that occurred after that. The most touching discovery was that I got the flowers even though I did not have all the experience I needed to handle the "project" at the time.
And the greatest of all lessons was when I discovered that my neighbor planted a whole field of gorgeous sunflowers. My dream came true in so many ways that I was grateful for the whole experience. Where I worried much, my results were not too good and where I didn't expect anything I got more than I asked for. It truly pays off to observe where your manifesting efforts are blooming and do more of that…
The secret to unlimited wealth in your life is to learn how to create deliberately what you desire and dream of in your life. Luckily, you have come to the right place to learn how to manifest success. How would you like to master the secrets of the Laws of manifestation and become a co-creator with the Universe? Would you like to see and experience your dearest and deepest dreams come true? Do you want to learn how to wish for something, smile and watch the life of your dreams simply unfold before your eyes?
If you said yes I want all of that, then read on and let all your senses, your heart, mind and soul learn from the sunflowers. I call this most amazing experience the " Manifestation Teachings of the Sunflowers"…
Because you know, sometimes the Universe has mysterious ways of teaching us lessons for our own good so that we learn how to use the Universal Laws with purpose, faith and get the kind of results that we had been only dreaming of in the past.
Years ago, I had a burning desire to have sunflowers in my garden and as I began to see tall and wonderful flowers in my mind's eye I bought seeds even though my gardening skills were not high in that time. Nevertheless, I trusted in nature and chose a nice patch under my window to plant the seeds for I wanted to see the flowers every morning.
In my great excitement I forgot the bag of seeds outside and the birds took their share out of it leaving but a small quantity. On the top of that, there were signs telling another story: some mysterious animal transported seeds away and lost some along the way to the garden's end.
Days went by and a feeling of excitement and expectancy spread in my heart and body until I could see the emerging little plants. My excitement knew no end and soon enough I contracted the habit of observing the young plants which grew relatively fast as we had a sunny and mild Spring. Things went well and I attached lots of hope to my sunflowers until their heads were so big that I expected them to bloom and open up their beautiful faces the next day. In that night I couldn't sleep well because I was impatient to see my flowers blooming; I could clearly hear it rain for hours.
Early in the morning, I went bare foot to the garden, so great was my impatience and imagine my surprise and disappointment when I discovered that what seemed to be a whole army of hungry snails climbed up to the flowers hearts and simply ate them. My frustration then equalled my previous excitement. The "flowers" were still standing tall but they would never bloom, I was devastated!
In the shock's aftermath, I decided I had to plant new seeds, which I did immediately while realizing at the same time that the problem was still there: the snails would return and eat up my efforts and joy or so I thought about it at the time. In a second, I declared war upon the nasty snails and did not leave any stone unturned until I found enough information on how to keep them away from my flowers.
The first solution I implemented gave poor results as they ate up the new young stems leaving five flowers, which I attempted to protect desperately.
The rain came more often during the night and I had no means of chasing them away from the growing flowers and yet by the effect of some miracle four flowers grew up to the point where the blooming was to be expected soon. I couldn't sleep at night, I had nightmares and although that might seem ridiculous now I didn't want anything eating up my efforts and great hopes.
In that day, a friend of mine came to my place and I told her about my snail problem. She laughed and gave me a special tip I didn't find anywhere else before. I used her suggestion immediately and hoped for the best over night as the rain was again strong, which is the ideal climate for snails to climb up the flower stems and eat the hearts.
It took ages for the morning to show up before I could finally go out and check out whether I still had any flowers. The scene I witnessed was quite dramatic: lots of snails met their end at the barrier I put between them and the flowers but some got past it obviously and ate up the flowers' hearts except for one!
I was upset but also grateful for the one flower that was left and it was the most beautiful sunflower I had ever seen. Well, in my eyes at least for it is as they say: " beauty is in the eye of the beholder".
Two days later the sunflowers in the neighbour's garden attracted my attention. My curiosity guided me through the unknown parts of my garden to where the beautiful and many sunflowers stood proud and tall under the warm sun rays that morning. Dew set on their brown and golden faces and made them glisten and glitter with a myriad of diamonds like tiny stars suspended in midair. I was in for a shock when I realized that the flowers were not in my neighbour's garden as I thought but in mine! In a corner I rarely visit or pay attention to because it had thick little bushes with thorns. It seemed that whatever animal that stole the sunflower seeds, it lost some of them in that very abandoned corner and there they were perfectly protected from the snails and anything else!
The Sunflowers Teachings: what can we learn about Manifestation?
I got my sunflowers in mysterious ways, nothing got lost after all and I learned through that delightful surprise that my strong desire to get beautiful sunflowers bore fruits even though my "fight" against the snails was not too successful. It did not happen where I thought it should happen but some weird circumstances and some mysterious bushes, I thought were the ugliest plants on earth, protected the seeds from the voracious snails and offered me plenty of sunflowers. After that incident my gardening skills improved and I learned to not dismiss anything based on its looks for it might be the one thing that has the potential to make something work perfectly and my dreams come true.
even though one wish didn't come true exactly the way you wanted it to be, there is always a great lesson from observing where and how it came true in a different way. So being open to possibilities that might be unknown to you at a time might lead you to your heart's desire in an easy and relaxed manner.
the weird incident was like a miracle to me and although I cannot explain it in a logical way, it made me aware of much greater laws and forces at work in the Universe. Let go and trust that what you want will come to you in ways that you could have never seen before. Be prepared for a delightful surprise.
I learned that I did rush into my decisions because my choice of the spot to plant the seeds was not the best. Moreover, after the first evidence that the snails seemed to like the spot where I planted the seeds, I should have taken a different approach and planted them somewhere else. Perhaps more drastic protection means would have helped. And as I come to think of it, many spots would have been a better way to go about it in the sense of gathering some practical experience about the good and less than good spots for the seeds. The stress and nightmares I suffered were unnecessary and I learned to be more relaxed when engaging in any experience. It certainly taught me to try on many spots and to take into account the results that occurred after that. The most touching discovery was that I got the flowers even though I did not have all the experience I needed to handle the "project" at the time.
And the greatest of all lessons was when I discovered that my neighbor planted a whole field of gorgeous sunflowers. My dream came true in so many ways that I was grateful for the whole experience. Where I worried much, my results were not too good and where I didn't expect anything I got more than I asked for. It truly pays off to observe where your manifesting efforts are blooming and do more of that…
The Solow Paradox
On March 21, 2005, Germany's prestigious Ifo Institute at the University of Munich published a research report according to which "More technology at school can have a detrimental effect on education and computers at home can harm learning".
It is a prime demonstration of the Solow Paradox.
Named after the Nobel laureate in economics, it was stated by him thus: "You can see the computer age everywhere these days, except in the productivity statistics". The venerable economic magazine, "The Economist" in its issue dated July 24th, 1999 quotes the no less venerable Professor Robert Gordon ("one of America's leading authorities on productivity") - p.20:
"...the productivity performance of the manufacturing sector of the United States economy since 1995 has been abysmal rather than admirable. Not only has productivity growth in non-durable manufacturing decelerated in 1995-9 compared to 1972-95, but productivity growth in durable manufacturing stripped of computers has decelerated even more."
What should be held true - the hype or the dismal statistics? The answer to this question is of crucial importance to economies in transition. If investment in IT (information technology) actually RETARDS growth - then it should be avoided, at least until a functioning marketplace is in place to counter its growth suppressing effects.
The notion that IT retards growth is counter-intuitive. It would seem that, at the very least, computers allow us to do more of the same things only faster. Typing, order processing, inventory management, production processes, number crunching are all tackled more efficiently by computers. Added efficiency should translate into enhanced productivity. Put simply, the same number of people can do more, faster, and more cheaply with computers than without them. Yet reality begs to differ.
Two elements are often neglected in considering the beneficial effects of IT.
First, the concept of information technology comprises two very distinct economic entities: an all-purpose machine (the PC) plus its enabling applications and a medium (the internet). Capital assets are distinct from media assets and are governed by different economic principles. Thus, they should be managed and deployed differently.
Massive, double digit increases in productivity are feasible in the manufacturing of computer hardware. The inevitable outcome is an exponential explosion in computing and networking power. The dual rules which govern IT - Moore's (a doubling of chip capacity and computing prowess every 18 months) and Metcalf's (the exponential increase in a network's processing ability as it encompasses additional computers) - also dictate a breathtaking pace of increased productivity in the hardware cum software aspect of IT. This has been duly detected by Robert Gordon in his "Has the 'New Economy' rendered the productivity slowdown obsolete?"
But for this increased productivity to trickle down to the rest of the economy a few conditions have to be met.
The transition from old technologies rendered obsolete by computing to new ones must not involve too much "creative destruction". The costs of getting rid of old hardware, software, of altering management techniques or adopting new ones, of shedding redundant manpower, of searching for new employees to replace the unqualified or unqualifiable, of installing new hardware, software and of training new people in all levels of the corporation are enormous. They must never exceed the added benefits of the newly introduced technology in the long run.
Hence the crux of the debate. Is IT more expensive to introduce, run and maintain than the technologies that it so confidently aims to replace? Will new technologies emerge in a pace sufficient to compensate for the disappearance of old ones? As the technology matures, will it overcome its childhood maladies (lack of operational reliability, bad design, non-specificity, immaturity of the first generation of computer users, absence of user friendliness and so on)?
Moreover, is IT an evolution or a veritable revolution? Does it merely allow us to do more of the same only differently - or does it open up hitherto unheard of vistas for human imagination, entrepreneurship, and creativity? The signals are mixed.
Hitherto, IT did not succeed to do to human endeavour what electricity, the internal combustion engine or even the telegraph have done. It is also not clear at all that IT is a UNIVERSAL phenomenon suitable to all business climes and mentalities.
The penetration of both IT and the medium it gave rise to (the internet) is not globally uniform even when adjusting for purchasing power and even among the corporate class. Developing countries should take all this into consideration. Their economies may be too obsolete and hidebound, poor and badly managed to absorb yet another critical change in the form of an IT shock wave. The introduction of IT into an ill-prepared market or corporation can be and often is counter-productive and growth-retarding.
In hindsight, 20 years hence, we might come to understand that computers improved our capacity to do things differently and more productively. But one thing is fast becoming clear. The added benefits of IT are highly sensitive to and dependent upon historical, psychosocial and economic parameters outside the perimeter of the technology itself. When it is introduced, how it is introduced, for which purposes is it put to use and even by whom it is introduced. These largely determine the costs of its introduction and, therefore, its feasibility and contribution to the enhancement of productivity. Developing countries better take note.
Historical Note - The Evolutionary Cycle of New Media
The Internet is cast by its proponents as the great white hope of many a developing and poor country. It is, therefore, instructive to try to predict its future and describe the phases of its possible evolution.
The internet runs on computers but it is related to them in the same way that a TV show is related to a TV set. To bundle to two, as it is done today, obscures the true picture and can often be very misleading. For instance: it is close to impossible to measure productivity in the services sector, let alone is something as wildly informal and dynamic as the internet.
Moreover, different countries and regions are caught in different parts of the cycle. Central and Eastern Europe have just entered it while northern Europe, some parts of Asia, and North America are in the vanguard.
So, what should developing and poor countries expect to happen to the internet globally and, later, within their own territories? The issue here cannot be cast in terms of productivity. It is better to apply to it the imagery of the business cycle.
It is clear by now that the internet is a medium and, as such, is subject to the evolutionary cycle of its predecessors. Every medium of communications goes through the same evolutionary cycle.
The internet is simply the latest in a series of networks which revolutionized our lives. A century before the internet, the telegraph and the telephone have been similarly heralded as "global" and transforming. The power grid and railways were also greeted with universal enthusiasm and acclaim. But no other network resembled the Internet more than radio (and, later, television).
At this stage, the medium and the resources attached to it are very cheap, accessible, and under no or little regulatory constraint. The public sector steps in: higher education institutions, religious institutions, government, not for profit organizations, non governmental organizations (NGOs), trade unions, etc. Bedeviled by limited financial resources, they regard the new medium as a cost effective way of disseminating their messages.
The Internet was not exempt from this phase which is at its death throes. It was born into utter anarchy in the form of ad hoc computer networks, local networks, and networks spun by organizations (mainly universities and organs of the government such as DARPA, a part of the defence establishment in the USA).
Non commercial entities jumped on the bandwagon and started sewing and patching these computer networks together (an activity fully subsidized with government funds). The result was a globe-spanning web of academic institutions. The American Pentagon stepped in and established the network of all networks, the ARPANET. Other government departments joined the fray, headed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) which withdrew only lately from the Internet.
The Internet (with a different name) became public property - but with access granted only to a select few.
Radio took precisely this course. Radio transmissions started in the USA in 1920. Those were anarchic broadcasts with no discernible regularity. Non commercial organizations and not for profit organizations began their own broadcasts and even created radio broadcasting infrastructure (albeit of the cheap and local kind) dedicated to their audiences. Trade unions, certain educational institutions and religious groups commenced "public radio" broadcasts.
The anarchic phase is followed by a commercial one.
When the users (e.g., listeners in the case of the radio, or owners of PCs and modems in the realm of the Internet) reach a critical mass - businesses become interested. In the name of capitalist ideology (another religion, really) they demand "privatization" of the medium.
In its attempt to take over the new medium, Big Business pull at the heartstrings of modern freemarketry. Deregulating and commercializing the medium would encourage the efficient allocation of resources, the inevitable outcome of untrammeled competition; they would keep in check corruption and inefficiency, naturally associated with the public sector ("Other People's Money" - OPM); they would thwart the ulterior motives of the political class; and they would introduce variety and cater to the tastes and interests of diverse audiences. In short, private enterprise in control of the new medium means more affluence and more democracy.
The end result is the same: the private sector takes over the medium from "below" (makes offers to the owners or operators of the medium that they cannot possibly refuse) - or from "above" (successful lobbying in the corridors of power leads to the legislated privatization of the medium).
Every privatization - especially that of a medium - provokes public opposition. There are (usually founded) suspicions that the interests of the public were compromised and sacrificed on the altar of commercialization and rating. Fears of monopolization and cartelization of the medium are evoked - and proven correct, in the long run. Otherwise, the concentration of control of the medium in a few hands is criticized. All these things do happen - but the pace is so slow that the initial apprehension is forgotten and public attention reverts to fresher issues.
Again, consider the precedent of the public airwaves.
A new Communications Act was legislated in the USA in 1934. It was meant to transform radio frequencies into a national resource to be sold to the private sector which will use it to transmit radio signals to receivers. In other words: the radio was passed on to private and commercial hands. Public radio was doomed to be marginalized.
From the radio to the Internet:
The American administration withdrew from its last major involvement in the Internet in April 1995, when the NSF ceased to finance some of the networks and, thus, privatized its hitherto heavy involvement in the Net.
The Communications Act of 1996 envisaged a form of "organized anarchy". It allowed media operators to invade each other's turf.
Phone companies were allowed to transmit video and cable companies were allowed to transmit telephony, for instance. This is all phased over a long period of time - still, it is a revolution whose magnitude is difficult to gauge and whose consequences defy imagination. It carries an equally momentous price tag - official censorship.
Merely "voluntary censorship", to be sure and coupled with toothless standardization and enforcement authorities - still, a censorship with its own institutions to boot. The private sector reacted by threatening litigation - but, beneath the surface it is caving in to pressure and temptation, constructing its own censorship codes both in the cable and in the internet media.
The third phase is Institutionalization.
It is characterized by enhanced legislation. Legislators, on all levels, discover the medium and lurch at it passionately. Resources which were considered "free", suddenly are transformed to "national treasures not to be dispensed with cheaply, casually and with frivolity".
It is conceivable that certain parts of the Internet will be "nationalized" (for instance, in the form of a licensing requirement) and tendered to the private sector. Legislation may be enacted which will deal with permitted and disallowed content (obscenity? incitement? racial or gender bias?).
No medium in the USA (or elsewhere) has eschewed such legislation. There are sure to be demands to allocate time (or space, or software, or content, or hardware, or bandwidth) to "minorities", to "public affairs", to "community business". This is a tax that the business sector will have to pay to fend off the eager legislator and his nuisance value.
All this is bound to lead to a monopolization of hosts and servers. The important broadcast channels will diminish in number and be subjected to severe content restrictions. Sites which will not succumb to these requirements - will be deleted or neutralized. Content guidelines (euphemism for censorship) exist, even as we write, in all major content providers (AOL, Yahoo, Lycos).
The last, determining, phase is The Bloodbath.
This is the phase of consolidation. The number of players is severely reduced. The number of browser types is limited to 2-3 (Mozilla, Microsoft and which else?). Networks merge to form privately owned mega-networks. Servers merge to form hyper-servers run on supercomputers or computer farms. The number of ISPs is considerably diminished.
50 companies ruled the greater part of the media markets in the USA in 1983. The number in 1995 was 18. At the end of the century they numbered 6.
This is the stage when companies - fighting for financial survival - strive to acquire as many users/listeners/viewers as possible. The programming is dumbed down, aspiring to the lowest (and widest) common denominator. Shallow programming dominates as long as the bloodbath proceeds.
It is a prime demonstration of the Solow Paradox.
Named after the Nobel laureate in economics, it was stated by him thus: "You can see the computer age everywhere these days, except in the productivity statistics". The venerable economic magazine, "The Economist" in its issue dated July 24th, 1999 quotes the no less venerable Professor Robert Gordon ("one of America's leading authorities on productivity") - p.20:
"...the productivity performance of the manufacturing sector of the United States economy since 1995 has been abysmal rather than admirable. Not only has productivity growth in non-durable manufacturing decelerated in 1995-9 compared to 1972-95, but productivity growth in durable manufacturing stripped of computers has decelerated even more."
What should be held true - the hype or the dismal statistics? The answer to this question is of crucial importance to economies in transition. If investment in IT (information technology) actually RETARDS growth - then it should be avoided, at least until a functioning marketplace is in place to counter its growth suppressing effects.
The notion that IT retards growth is counter-intuitive. It would seem that, at the very least, computers allow us to do more of the same things only faster. Typing, order processing, inventory management, production processes, number crunching are all tackled more efficiently by computers. Added efficiency should translate into enhanced productivity. Put simply, the same number of people can do more, faster, and more cheaply with computers than without them. Yet reality begs to differ.
Two elements are often neglected in considering the beneficial effects of IT.
First, the concept of information technology comprises two very distinct economic entities: an all-purpose machine (the PC) plus its enabling applications and a medium (the internet). Capital assets are distinct from media assets and are governed by different economic principles. Thus, they should be managed and deployed differently.
Massive, double digit increases in productivity are feasible in the manufacturing of computer hardware. The inevitable outcome is an exponential explosion in computing and networking power. The dual rules which govern IT - Moore's (a doubling of chip capacity and computing prowess every 18 months) and Metcalf's (the exponential increase in a network's processing ability as it encompasses additional computers) - also dictate a breathtaking pace of increased productivity in the hardware cum software aspect of IT. This has been duly detected by Robert Gordon in his "Has the 'New Economy' rendered the productivity slowdown obsolete?"
But for this increased productivity to trickle down to the rest of the economy a few conditions have to be met.
The transition from old technologies rendered obsolete by computing to new ones must not involve too much "creative destruction". The costs of getting rid of old hardware, software, of altering management techniques or adopting new ones, of shedding redundant manpower, of searching for new employees to replace the unqualified or unqualifiable, of installing new hardware, software and of training new people in all levels of the corporation are enormous. They must never exceed the added benefits of the newly introduced technology in the long run.
Hence the crux of the debate. Is IT more expensive to introduce, run and maintain than the technologies that it so confidently aims to replace? Will new technologies emerge in a pace sufficient to compensate for the disappearance of old ones? As the technology matures, will it overcome its childhood maladies (lack of operational reliability, bad design, non-specificity, immaturity of the first generation of computer users, absence of user friendliness and so on)?
Moreover, is IT an evolution or a veritable revolution? Does it merely allow us to do more of the same only differently - or does it open up hitherto unheard of vistas for human imagination, entrepreneurship, and creativity? The signals are mixed.
Hitherto, IT did not succeed to do to human endeavour what electricity, the internal combustion engine or even the telegraph have done. It is also not clear at all that IT is a UNIVERSAL phenomenon suitable to all business climes and mentalities.
The penetration of both IT and the medium it gave rise to (the internet) is not globally uniform even when adjusting for purchasing power and even among the corporate class. Developing countries should take all this into consideration. Their economies may be too obsolete and hidebound, poor and badly managed to absorb yet another critical change in the form of an IT shock wave. The introduction of IT into an ill-prepared market or corporation can be and often is counter-productive and growth-retarding.
In hindsight, 20 years hence, we might come to understand that computers improved our capacity to do things differently and more productively. But one thing is fast becoming clear. The added benefits of IT are highly sensitive to and dependent upon historical, psychosocial and economic parameters outside the perimeter of the technology itself. When it is introduced, how it is introduced, for which purposes is it put to use and even by whom it is introduced. These largely determine the costs of its introduction and, therefore, its feasibility and contribution to the enhancement of productivity. Developing countries better take note.
Historical Note - The Evolutionary Cycle of New Media
The Internet is cast by its proponents as the great white hope of many a developing and poor country. It is, therefore, instructive to try to predict its future and describe the phases of its possible evolution.
The internet runs on computers but it is related to them in the same way that a TV show is related to a TV set. To bundle to two, as it is done today, obscures the true picture and can often be very misleading. For instance: it is close to impossible to measure productivity in the services sector, let alone is something as wildly informal and dynamic as the internet.
Moreover, different countries and regions are caught in different parts of the cycle. Central and Eastern Europe have just entered it while northern Europe, some parts of Asia, and North America are in the vanguard.
So, what should developing and poor countries expect to happen to the internet globally and, later, within their own territories? The issue here cannot be cast in terms of productivity. It is better to apply to it the imagery of the business cycle.
It is clear by now that the internet is a medium and, as such, is subject to the evolutionary cycle of its predecessors. Every medium of communications goes through the same evolutionary cycle.
The internet is simply the latest in a series of networks which revolutionized our lives. A century before the internet, the telegraph and the telephone have been similarly heralded as "global" and transforming. The power grid and railways were also greeted with universal enthusiasm and acclaim. But no other network resembled the Internet more than radio (and, later, television).
At this stage, the medium and the resources attached to it are very cheap, accessible, and under no or little regulatory constraint. The public sector steps in: higher education institutions, religious institutions, government, not for profit organizations, non governmental organizations (NGOs), trade unions, etc. Bedeviled by limited financial resources, they regard the new medium as a cost effective way of disseminating their messages.
The Internet was not exempt from this phase which is at its death throes. It was born into utter anarchy in the form of ad hoc computer networks, local networks, and networks spun by organizations (mainly universities and organs of the government such as DARPA, a part of the defence establishment in the USA).
Non commercial entities jumped on the bandwagon and started sewing and patching these computer networks together (an activity fully subsidized with government funds). The result was a globe-spanning web of academic institutions. The American Pentagon stepped in and established the network of all networks, the ARPANET. Other government departments joined the fray, headed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) which withdrew only lately from the Internet.
The Internet (with a different name) became public property - but with access granted only to a select few.
Radio took precisely this course. Radio transmissions started in the USA in 1920. Those were anarchic broadcasts with no discernible regularity. Non commercial organizations and not for profit organizations began their own broadcasts and even created radio broadcasting infrastructure (albeit of the cheap and local kind) dedicated to their audiences. Trade unions, certain educational institutions and religious groups commenced "public radio" broadcasts.
The anarchic phase is followed by a commercial one.
When the users (e.g., listeners in the case of the radio, or owners of PCs and modems in the realm of the Internet) reach a critical mass - businesses become interested. In the name of capitalist ideology (another religion, really) they demand "privatization" of the medium.
In its attempt to take over the new medium, Big Business pull at the heartstrings of modern freemarketry. Deregulating and commercializing the medium would encourage the efficient allocation of resources, the inevitable outcome of untrammeled competition; they would keep in check corruption and inefficiency, naturally associated with the public sector ("Other People's Money" - OPM); they would thwart the ulterior motives of the political class; and they would introduce variety and cater to the tastes and interests of diverse audiences. In short, private enterprise in control of the new medium means more affluence and more democracy.
The end result is the same: the private sector takes over the medium from "below" (makes offers to the owners or operators of the medium that they cannot possibly refuse) - or from "above" (successful lobbying in the corridors of power leads to the legislated privatization of the medium).
Every privatization - especially that of a medium - provokes public opposition. There are (usually founded) suspicions that the interests of the public were compromised and sacrificed on the altar of commercialization and rating. Fears of monopolization and cartelization of the medium are evoked - and proven correct, in the long run. Otherwise, the concentration of control of the medium in a few hands is criticized. All these things do happen - but the pace is so slow that the initial apprehension is forgotten and public attention reverts to fresher issues.
Again, consider the precedent of the public airwaves.
A new Communications Act was legislated in the USA in 1934. It was meant to transform radio frequencies into a national resource to be sold to the private sector which will use it to transmit radio signals to receivers. In other words: the radio was passed on to private and commercial hands. Public radio was doomed to be marginalized.
From the radio to the Internet:
The American administration withdrew from its last major involvement in the Internet in April 1995, when the NSF ceased to finance some of the networks and, thus, privatized its hitherto heavy involvement in the Net.
The Communications Act of 1996 envisaged a form of "organized anarchy". It allowed media operators to invade each other's turf.
Phone companies were allowed to transmit video and cable companies were allowed to transmit telephony, for instance. This is all phased over a long period of time - still, it is a revolution whose magnitude is difficult to gauge and whose consequences defy imagination. It carries an equally momentous price tag - official censorship.
Merely "voluntary censorship", to be sure and coupled with toothless standardization and enforcement authorities - still, a censorship with its own institutions to boot. The private sector reacted by threatening litigation - but, beneath the surface it is caving in to pressure and temptation, constructing its own censorship codes both in the cable and in the internet media.
The third phase is Institutionalization.
It is characterized by enhanced legislation. Legislators, on all levels, discover the medium and lurch at it passionately. Resources which were considered "free", suddenly are transformed to "national treasures not to be dispensed with cheaply, casually and with frivolity".
It is conceivable that certain parts of the Internet will be "nationalized" (for instance, in the form of a licensing requirement) and tendered to the private sector. Legislation may be enacted which will deal with permitted and disallowed content (obscenity? incitement? racial or gender bias?).
No medium in the USA (or elsewhere) has eschewed such legislation. There are sure to be demands to allocate time (or space, or software, or content, or hardware, or bandwidth) to "minorities", to "public affairs", to "community business". This is a tax that the business sector will have to pay to fend off the eager legislator and his nuisance value.
All this is bound to lead to a monopolization of hosts and servers. The important broadcast channels will diminish in number and be subjected to severe content restrictions. Sites which will not succumb to these requirements - will be deleted or neutralized. Content guidelines (euphemism for censorship) exist, even as we write, in all major content providers (AOL, Yahoo, Lycos).
The last, determining, phase is The Bloodbath.
This is the phase of consolidation. The number of players is severely reduced. The number of browser types is limited to 2-3 (Mozilla, Microsoft and which else?). Networks merge to form privately owned mega-networks. Servers merge to form hyper-servers run on supercomputers or computer farms. The number of ISPs is considerably diminished.
50 companies ruled the greater part of the media markets in the USA in 1983. The number in 1995 was 18. At the end of the century they numbered 6.
This is the stage when companies - fighting for financial survival - strive to acquire as many users/listeners/viewers as possible. The programming is dumbed down, aspiring to the lowest (and widest) common denominator. Shallow programming dominates as long as the bloodbath proceeds.
Protect Your Business With Non-Disclosure Agreements
Every business should protect proprietary information when dealing with independent contractors, vendors and other businesses. The best way to do this is to use a non-disclosure agreement, often referred to as an "NDA."
What is an NDA?
An NDA is an agreement between two parties to protect confidential information disclosed in a business transaction. The proprietary information can include business methods, finances, client lists, and anything that isn't already readily available in the public arena. If a party subsequently breaches the NDA, the injured party can sue for damages, an injunction against further disclosure and attorney's fees.
Directional NDA
In many situations, only one party requires the protection provided by an NDA. If you invent a new product, you are going to need an NDA from manufacturers, distributors, etc., before you discuss the product with them. While this may seem like common sense, most businesses fail to carry the thought through to their daily activities.
Practically every business hires independent contractors, but they rarely obtain NDAs prior to disclosing information to the contractors. For example, do you use third parties to create or maintain your websites? Did you obtain NDAs from any of them? If not, what's to keep that party from using your business methods on other sites? A directional NDA can keep this from occurring.
Mutual NDA
As the name suggest, a mutual NDA allows two parties to protect confidential information. The mutual NDA is typically used when two businesses are negotiating a joint venture. Each party must disclose enough information to make the negotiations viable, but neither wants that information made public if the negotiations fail. If negotiations go well, additional non-disclosure information will be incorporated into the joint venture agreement to protect additional information revealed during the joint venture.
Refusing to Sign an NDA
Alarms and warning lights should go off if a party refuses to sign your NDA. Unless they can provide a very compelling reason for the refusal, you should walk away from the business relationship.
When An NDA isn't really an NDA
Just because a document is titled, "Non-Disclosure Agreement", does not mean it provides you with protection. You should ALWAYS read the language of an NDA because the document may establish that you are WAIVING all confidentiality rights. The waiver might be very direct and read something like, "The disclosure of information pursuant to this Agreement shall not be considered confidential." Alternatively, the language may be more indirect and read, "The parties acknowledge and agree that all information exchanged pursuant to this agreement has previously been established in public forums." Regardless, the "reverse NDAs" strip you of protection and should not be signed.
Obtaining non-disclosure agreements should be a standard practice for your business. Don't exposure your proprietary business secrets to others without this protection.
What is an NDA?
An NDA is an agreement between two parties to protect confidential information disclosed in a business transaction. The proprietary information can include business methods, finances, client lists, and anything that isn't already readily available in the public arena. If a party subsequently breaches the NDA, the injured party can sue for damages, an injunction against further disclosure and attorney's fees.
Directional NDA
In many situations, only one party requires the protection provided by an NDA. If you invent a new product, you are going to need an NDA from manufacturers, distributors, etc., before you discuss the product with them. While this may seem like common sense, most businesses fail to carry the thought through to their daily activities.
Practically every business hires independent contractors, but they rarely obtain NDAs prior to disclosing information to the contractors. For example, do you use third parties to create or maintain your websites? Did you obtain NDAs from any of them? If not, what's to keep that party from using your business methods on other sites? A directional NDA can keep this from occurring.
Mutual NDA
As the name suggest, a mutual NDA allows two parties to protect confidential information. The mutual NDA is typically used when two businesses are negotiating a joint venture. Each party must disclose enough information to make the negotiations viable, but neither wants that information made public if the negotiations fail. If negotiations go well, additional non-disclosure information will be incorporated into the joint venture agreement to protect additional information revealed during the joint venture.
Refusing to Sign an NDA
Alarms and warning lights should go off if a party refuses to sign your NDA. Unless they can provide a very compelling reason for the refusal, you should walk away from the business relationship.
When An NDA isn't really an NDA
Just because a document is titled, "Non-Disclosure Agreement", does not mean it provides you with protection. You should ALWAYS read the language of an NDA because the document may establish that you are WAIVING all confidentiality rights. The waiver might be very direct and read something like, "The disclosure of information pursuant to this Agreement shall not be considered confidential." Alternatively, the language may be more indirect and read, "The parties acknowledge and agree that all information exchanged pursuant to this agreement has previously been established in public forums." Regardless, the "reverse NDAs" strip you of protection and should not be signed.
Obtaining non-disclosure agreements should be a standard practice for your business. Don't exposure your proprietary business secrets to others without this protection.
Five Steps To Back Up Your Digital Life
More and more, our lives have gone digital. We're quickly filling up our hard drives with digital photos, music, videos and documents, and in doing so we're flirting with digital disaster.
Think about it: What would happen if you lost all that data on your hard drive? In a millisecond your family photos, home movies, years of work, and digital music collection could vanish forever. It could cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars to have a data- recovery service attempt to get the lost data back, but there's no guarantee they'd be successful.
This is a disaster that doesn't have to happen.
With today's advances in external storage and backup solutions, backing up your digital assets can be done easily and automatically. With an external hard drive such as the Maxtor OneTouch™ solution, you won't be forced to rummage through a pile of CDs/DVDs if you need to restore something. It's all stored in one location. Just supply power to the drive, plug it into a PC or Mac via a USB or FireWire port, pop in the included disk, and follow the simple setup wizard. In just a few minutes, you'll be able to automatically back up your entire hard drive every night. If new data can't wait, press the glowing button to start an immediate backup.
If you're connected to a home or small business network, look for a shared storage device, such as the Maxtor Shared Storage Plus solution that plugs into a wired or wireless router and can automatically back up everyone's computer data on the local network to one location.
The good news is that getting started on a backup program is simple.
• Develop a backup schedule-back up data daily or, at a minimum, weekly.
• Back up everything-no need to sort through every file and folder. Invest in a storage solution that's twice the size of your internal hard drive to give your system room to grow.
• Do it automatically-set it and forget it. Use a solution that's easy to set up and provides automatic backups.
• Rotate backups-for added protection in case of theft or natural disaster, use two drives and rotate one off-site.
• Don't procrastinate.
Unfortunately, the need to back up data is often a lesson learned from a bitter experience. Don't let it happen to you.
Modern technology can help you be sure your digital family memories are safe.
Think about it: What would happen if you lost all that data on your hard drive? In a millisecond your family photos, home movies, years of work, and digital music collection could vanish forever. It could cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars to have a data- recovery service attempt to get the lost data back, but there's no guarantee they'd be successful.
This is a disaster that doesn't have to happen.
With today's advances in external storage and backup solutions, backing up your digital assets can be done easily and automatically. With an external hard drive such as the Maxtor OneTouch™ solution, you won't be forced to rummage through a pile of CDs/DVDs if you need to restore something. It's all stored in one location. Just supply power to the drive, plug it into a PC or Mac via a USB or FireWire port, pop in the included disk, and follow the simple setup wizard. In just a few minutes, you'll be able to automatically back up your entire hard drive every night. If new data can't wait, press the glowing button to start an immediate backup.
If you're connected to a home or small business network, look for a shared storage device, such as the Maxtor Shared Storage Plus solution that plugs into a wired or wireless router and can automatically back up everyone's computer data on the local network to one location.
The good news is that getting started on a backup program is simple.
• Develop a backup schedule-back up data daily or, at a minimum, weekly.
• Back up everything-no need to sort through every file and folder. Invest in a storage solution that's twice the size of your internal hard drive to give your system room to grow.
• Do it automatically-set it and forget it. Use a solution that's easy to set up and provides automatic backups.
• Rotate backups-for added protection in case of theft or natural disaster, use two drives and rotate one off-site.
• Don't procrastinate.
Unfortunately, the need to back up data is often a lesson learned from a bitter experience. Don't let it happen to you.
Modern technology can help you be sure your digital family memories are safe.
Computers at war in the 70's and 80's
The '70s and the '80s could be easily described as the 'computer war'. Every company had a new kind of computer, better than the last that they wanted to change the world. Everyone knew it was only a matter of time before one was adopted as the standard, with all the advantages for software compatibility this would bring – and they were desperate for it to be their model that made the big time.
In the '70s, two computers nearly became dominant: the Apple II and the Commodore 64. Both of these computers sold in the millions, inspiring a whole generation – they were used for everything from office tasks to games.
It was in 1980, however, that IBM launched its IBM PC, and things really went crazy. IBM's PC wasn't patented. IBM went to a small company named Microsoft to get an operating system for this computer, and ended up with DOS, but Microsoft was willing to license DOS to anyone else who paid their fee. By 1984, 'IBM PC compatible' computers were available, and a de facto standard was born. Software makers could finally write their programs for one operating system and one hardware configuration – and anyone computer that didn't follow the specification to the letter was quickly left with no programs to run.
In 1990, Microsoft released Windows 3.0 (the first version of Windows to be really successful), and the PC's lock on the marketplace was set in stone. The release of the Pentium and Windows 95 made it finally the fastest, cheapest and easiest system around, and it quickly stopped making sense to develop software for anything else.
From then on, the PC was the dominant computer – today, it is estimated to have between 95% and 98% of the market, with almost all the rest being held by Apple Macintosh computers.
In the '70s, two computers nearly became dominant: the Apple II and the Commodore 64. Both of these computers sold in the millions, inspiring a whole generation – they were used for everything from office tasks to games.
It was in 1980, however, that IBM launched its IBM PC, and things really went crazy. IBM's PC wasn't patented. IBM went to a small company named Microsoft to get an operating system for this computer, and ended up with DOS, but Microsoft was willing to license DOS to anyone else who paid their fee. By 1984, 'IBM PC compatible' computers were available, and a de facto standard was born. Software makers could finally write their programs for one operating system and one hardware configuration – and anyone computer that didn't follow the specification to the letter was quickly left with no programs to run.
In 1990, Microsoft released Windows 3.0 (the first version of Windows to be really successful), and the PC's lock on the marketplace was set in stone. The release of the Pentium and Windows 95 made it finally the fastest, cheapest and easiest system around, and it quickly stopped making sense to develop software for anything else.
From then on, the PC was the dominant computer – today, it is estimated to have between 95% and 98% of the market, with almost all the rest being held by Apple Macintosh computers.
Small Business Computer Consulting: Additional Qualifications for the Sweet Spot
To find the ideal clientele for your small business computer consulting, you want to target small businesses by their number of PC's, (10 to 50) as well as their revenue. Generally, companies that have anywhere from 1 million to 10 million in revenue are the sweet spot of small business computer consulting. In this article, you'll learn why you should target this type of business. {Tip: Of course if you're located in Canada, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, or any of the other more than 21 nations around the globe where our training has been adapted, be sure to convert this to your local currency. (See )}
Beware of the high end of this range
Once small businesses get to the high end of that revenue range, where they start having substantially more than 50 PCs, or substantially more than $10 million in annual sales, often the small business owners lean towards putting a real, salaried IT person on payroll instead of using a small business computer consulting professional. That's when you start running into some tough competition. At this point, your client will add up your services invoices and try to figure out if they can do it cheaper or more efficiently in-house.
Look for clients that need a "real server"
Another important aspect is to find small business clients that are big enough to need a "real" dedicated server. Once small businesses need a real server, they need a ton of other professional services to go along with it. And it's very unlikely they can handle it on their own, with just an internal guru. Bingo-you become their outsourced IT department!
Multiple locations are a bonus
Sometimes a sweet spot client has one location. A lot of times there's a main office and some branch offices. The branch offices present a big opportunity for your small business computer consulting because there's usually a HUGE need for sharing data in real time among employees in different locations.
The Bottom Line about Small Business Computer Consulting
In this article, you've been learned more about how to find the sweet spot in your small business computer consulting business.
Beware of the high end of this range
Once small businesses get to the high end of that revenue range, where they start having substantially more than 50 PCs, or substantially more than $10 million in annual sales, often the small business owners lean towards putting a real, salaried IT person on payroll instead of using a small business computer consulting professional. That's when you start running into some tough competition. At this point, your client will add up your services invoices and try to figure out if they can do it cheaper or more efficiently in-house.
Look for clients that need a "real server"
Another important aspect is to find small business clients that are big enough to need a "real" dedicated server. Once small businesses need a real server, they need a ton of other professional services to go along with it. And it's very unlikely they can handle it on their own, with just an internal guru. Bingo-you become their outsourced IT department!
Multiple locations are a bonus
Sometimes a sweet spot client has one location. A lot of times there's a main office and some branch offices. The branch offices present a big opportunity for your small business computer consulting because there's usually a HUGE need for sharing data in real time among employees in different locations.
The Bottom Line about Small Business Computer Consulting
In this article, you've been learned more about how to find the sweet spot in your small business computer consulting business.
All About Forex - What You Need To Know
In order to succeed successfully in forex trading you need to know what the purpose of trading forex is. Forex trading as you know is the trading of online currency and the key to success is to buy low and sell high just as with any other market. You task as a forex trader is to try to determine the trend of the particular currency you are looking to either buy or sell and to utilise the forex trading strategies to ensure that a profit is made.
Now that you know the purpose of forex trading the next step in knowing all about forex is to understand the codes, definitions and numbers used when trading. All currencies used in forex trading are assigned a three letter code. An example of this is the US dollar which is USD or the Euro EUR. Online currency trading is done in combinations that are known as a cross and these are represented by 6 letter words with the more expensive currency coming first. An example of this is GBPUSD which will show you how many US Dollar you will need to pay for one British pound. These rates are shown as five digit numbers for example GPBUSD = 1.6262 which means that 1 British pound is worth 1.6262 US dollars. When the rate changes the change will be displayed in bold, eg GPBUSD = 1.6264 which will mean that the rate has moved by 2 points. Knowing this is the key to successful forex trading and your key to profit.
When you enter the forex trading market you will enter as a buyer or a seller of a particular currency. If you are a seller you price is known as the ASK price and the buyers price is known as the BID. You can only buy currency from a seller with an asking price the same as the BID price.
These are the main beginner's points to note when it comes to forex trading and knowing what the purpose of trading forex is and knowing all about forex before you enter into the market can make a big difference when it comes to your profits.
Now that you know the purpose of forex trading the next step in knowing all about forex is to understand the codes, definitions and numbers used when trading. All currencies used in forex trading are assigned a three letter code. An example of this is the US dollar which is USD or the Euro EUR. Online currency trading is done in combinations that are known as a cross and these are represented by 6 letter words with the more expensive currency coming first. An example of this is GBPUSD which will show you how many US Dollar you will need to pay for one British pound. These rates are shown as five digit numbers for example GPBUSD = 1.6262 which means that 1 British pound is worth 1.6262 US dollars. When the rate changes the change will be displayed in bold, eg GPBUSD = 1.6264 which will mean that the rate has moved by 2 points. Knowing this is the key to successful forex trading and your key to profit.
When you enter the forex trading market you will enter as a buyer or a seller of a particular currency. If you are a seller you price is known as the ASK price and the buyers price is known as the BID. You can only buy currency from a seller with an asking price the same as the BID price.
These are the main beginner's points to note when it comes to forex trading and knowing what the purpose of trading forex is and knowing all about forex before you enter into the market can make a big difference when it comes to your profits.
Jumat, Juli 29, 2011
Pemrograman C++ Konversi Waktu
#include
#include
#include
void main ()
{
long hari,jam,menit,detik,shari,sjam,smenit;
cout << "|----------------------------|" << endl;
cout << "| Program Konversi Detik |" << endl;
cout << "|----------------------------|" << endl;
cout << " Masukkan Detik = " ; cin >> detik;
hari=detik/84600;
shari = detik % 84600;
jam = shari / 3600;
sjam = shari % 3600;
menit = sjam / 60;
smenit= sjam % 60;
clrscr();
cout << "|------------------------|" << endl;
cout << " Dari "<< detik << " detik" << endl;
cout << "|------------------------|" << endl;
cout << "| Diperoleh: |" << endl;
cout << "|------------------------|" << endl;
cout << " " << setw(3) << hari << " Hari" << endl;
cout << " " << setw(3) << jam << " Jam" << endl;
cout << " " << setw(3) << menit << " Menit" << endl;
cout << " " << setw(3) << smenit << " Detik" << endl;
cout << "|------------------------|" << endl;
cout << "| Ardian Wahyunanta |" << endl;
cout << "| 101351005 |" << endl;
cout << "| Manajemen Informatika |" << endl;
cout << "| IST Akprind Yogyakarta |" << endl;
cout << "| IST Akprind Yogyakarta |" << endl;
cout << "|------------------------|" << endl;
}
Pemrograman C++ dengan Inputan Sederhana
#include
#include
#include
void main()
{
char nama[20],
nim[11],
jur[50];
double a,b,total;
cout << " Hallo C++..." << endl ;
cout << " Nama Saya : " ; cin.getline(nama,sizeof(nama));
cout << " NIM : " ; cin.getline(nim,sizeof(nim));
cout << " Jurusan : " ; cin.getline(jur,sizeof(jur));
cout << endl;
cout << " Saya punya uang Rp. " ; cin >> a;
cout << " Tadi baru dapat bonus Rp. " ; cin >> b;
total = a+b;
cout << " Jadi saya punya Rp. " << total
<< ",-"
<< endl
<< endl;
cout << " press enter... "; getch();
cout << endl << endl;
cout << "|------------------------------------|" << endl;
cout << "| panjang karakter nama : " << strlen(nama)
<< " |" << endl;
cout << "| panjang karakter nim : " << strlen(nim)
<< " |" << endl;
cout << "| panjang karakter jur : " << strlen(jur)
<< " |" << endl;
cout << "|------------------------------------|";
}
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